Country Life: Spray-free vegetables from Suncakes Gardens

Source: Radio New Zealand

David Ruan grows spray-free vegetables, which he sells at the local farmers’ market under Suncakes Gardens. Gianina Schwanecke / Country Life

Rows of colourful vegetables line this plot of land just on the outskirts of Hamilton.

For more than 10 years David Ruan has been growing vegetables which he sells at the local farmers’ markets under the name, Suncakes Gardens, a nod to his Chinese heritage.

“In Chinese tradition, there is a Mooncake Festival, usually between late September and early October, that is Spring in New Zealand – a good time for a new growing season,” he told Country Life.

“The colourful fresh product in the garden are like cakes relying on solar energy, and Suncakes is a good analogy to Mooncakes.”

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Ruan came to New Zealand from China almost 20 years ago, where he studied horticulture at university and later worked helping growers – mostly with rice crops and fruit like oranges.

His university research focussed on different methods for plant protection, including biological controls.

“They introduce beneficial insects, fungi which control the bugs you don’t want.”

Up until last year he was growing certified organic vegetables but found this costly, switching instead to spray-free growing while still following organic principles including making his own compost.

Ruan acknowledged it wasn’t always suitable for larger scale growers but was keen to try it out on his own land when he moved to New Zealand.

He says the colourful vegetables he grows are like little cakes relying on the sun for energy, hence the name Suncakes Gardens. Gianina Schwanecke / Country Life

For over 10 years, he’s been selling vegetables at the local farmers’ market. Gianina Schwanecke / Country Life

He said larger growers tend to focus on just a few crops, but on a smaller plot of just 2.5-hectares, he grows a more diverse mix and rotates them regularly.

“My plan is to introduce more varieties.”

His wife helps with tending the garden, as does his daughter and one of his friends when it comes time to bring in the harvest.

Meanwhile his son helps with packing the vegetables to be sold at the farmers’ markets in Cambridge and Hamilton.

Ruan said he found growing very “peaceful and relaxing” but one of the other highlights was the many market customers who had become friends.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Egg consumption increasing, and more double yolkers could be on the way

Source: Radio New Zealand

New Zealand has about 1.6 million commercial hens. RNZ/Sally Round

Friday is World Egg Day – and New Zealand has about 1.6 million commercial hens with some now laying larger eggs.

Supermarkets are working towards only stocking eggs that have come from cage free chickens following ongoing hen welfare concerns.

Woolworths said by the end of the year all its cartons of eggs would be cage-free, and Foodstuffs, which owns New World and PaknSave, said it would do the same by 2027.

The founder of eg. Free-Range Eggs, Nathan Williams, said he wanted everyone to be able to afford ethical eggs and as more egg farms transition to free range – eggs would become cheaper.

He currently had 90,000 free range Shaver hens on his farm near Bulls and they laid more than 80,000 eggs a day. He was expanding his colony and said by Christmas the number of hens he farms would be more than 100,000.

“When a chicken first comes into lay around 16 to 20 weeks they lay smaller eggs – popping out what we call piwis which is a size five, and then as they grow their eggs get bigger, the eggs will be sixes and sevens. And then size eight and nine are our jumbo sizes.”

Williams said when the birds went outside and ate bugs and grass, he had more jumbo-sized eggs, which were often double-yolkers.

That meant shoppers may start noticing more Jumbo eggs, and Williams said about fifteen percent of his eggs were potentially-double yolkers.

Williams said contrary to public opinion – chickens had their own personalities and knew where they liked to eat, lay their eggs and sleep.

He said he had been pecked and chased by several of his inquisitive birds from time to time.

The Egg Producers Federation said the welfare of hens was paramount – as the happier the hen, the better the egg.

Its chairman John McKay said eggs were as popular as they had ever been. Over the last year, New Zealanders had eaten on average 229 eggs each, and that was up from last year when people consumed about 216 eggs.

“We are really pleased with that trajectory and as we all know eggs are a highly versatile and nutritious product.”

McKay said bird flu was something the poultry industry took very seriously and the one outbreak of a highly pathogenic avian influenza was well managed late last year.

About 160,000 chickens were culled on a free range egg farm in North Otago after becoming infected with the H7N6 strain they contracted from wild waterfowl.

“That farm is now back in production and eggs are being produced off it. The most important thing is making sure there is strong biosecurity on farms across the country and keeping the egg and poultry supply as resiliant as we can.”

He said there were no safety concerns about eating eggs.

McKay said he would be having a couple of poached eggs on toast for breakfast on Friday morning to celebrate World Egg Day.

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– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

More ocean space needed for aquaculture – fisheries minister

Source: Radio New Zealand

Oceans and Fisheries Minister Shane Jones at the Aquaculture NZ conference in Nelson. RNZ / Samantha Gee

Bespoke legislation and more ocean space is needed for the farming of kai moana, says the fisheries minister, so that aquaculture can one day rival New Zealand’s beef sector.

Shane Jones opened the industry’s annual conference in Nelson today, and spoke of the need to create a new global-scale protein-based industry.

“We have an inordinate opportunity for our tamariki and grandchildren to convert the oceanic space into a platform for global-scale protein-based fish farming.”

Regulatory reform and increased capital investment were also needed to help the sector reach the government’s target of $3 billion in exports in the next decade.

Aquaculture products are projected to bring in $650 million in export revenue for the year to June, up 13 percent on last year.

Jones announced the government’s five year Aquaculture Development Plan, in March, which set out the steps to grow the industry to generate $3b a year and double the number of jobs.

He said Ministry for Primary Industry staff were working on further plans for growth in the sector, and change needed to be driven by central government.

“I just don’t think it’s tolerable that anything to do with fisheries that we surrender the authority to local government or regional government.

“As a nationalist-orientated politician, I don’t see another way of cracking this nut unless we take back a lot of the authority.”

Jones said aquaculture was a “risk-riddled industry” that was constantly confronting problems, ones it could solve with government support and without increased regulation.

Science communicator and content creator James Sibley, who is often called a “fishfluencer” due to his social media work, was in New Zealand to speak at the conference and said there were incredible opportunities for aquaculture growth in New Zealand.

“I got into aquaculture because of the potential it has to feed the world, to feed a growing population with potentially healthier proteins than a lot of the population eats today, without doing irreversible damage at the scales that we see with current farming practices around the world, is immense but it has to be stewarded correctly.”

The Blue Endeavour farm NZ King Salmon wants to build in the ocean NZ King Salmon

He said New Zealand was at the forefront of change with NZ King Salmon’s open ocean salmon farm in the Cook Strait.

“What they are trying here with the Blue Endeavour project, going offshore with these much larger pens much higher current waters, cleaner waters, highly oxygenated it has really strong potential.”

But Sibley said it came with its own challenges.

“It’s a much more hostile environment out there, they need bigger boats, more people. It has the potential to be great for the economy and coastal communities there that work those farms, but how they can maintain that, and if this trial works, then what? Do we put out another one? Do we try something new? Where do we go from there?”

It has been a tough year for the country’s biggest salmon producer who posted half year net loss of $20.8 million.

NZ King Salmon chief executive Carl Carrington said its fish went through the equivalent of having the flu or a bad cold last summer and went off their feed, forcing the company to reduce harvest volumes for an extended period, which affected earnings.

“It’s not unusual [for fish] to go off feed over the summer period but what happened this time, it was for an extended period of time and it didn’t recover until much later than what we’d usually expect and as a result, we lost a lot of biomass growth.”

Carrington said despite that, the company had $60m in the bank and a balance sheet that was getting stronger and they were “increasingly confident” about the future.

“We’re increasingly confident because we know what we’ve got in the toolkit to deal with these challenges over summer… and we think the growth pathway in front of us is now just starting to look really positive.”

General manager of aquaculture Grant Lovell said changes to its farming model in recent years meant unlike in previous summers, there was not mass mortality, the fish had just stopped growing.

It had done feed trials and other mitigation work to improve feed consumption and growth rates in the past few years.

The company was also making good progress on Blue Endeavour – which it hoped would prove up the model for open ocean aquaculture in order to see major change in export growth.

Lovell said the two pens for the open ocean farm were assembled and launched in Shakespeare Bay in April, and then were towed without nets or fish to Waihinau Bay in the outer Marlborough Sounds.

Juvenile salmon, smolt, were then transferred to adjacent holding pens and would be transferred out to the Blue Endeavour site in November.

The mooring grid was currently being installed, seven kilometres north of Cape Lambert. It was due to have been complete by now but contractors had encountered issues with weather and sea conditions, but were back on track.

Lovell said the new farm’s service vessel Whekenui, which was built in Vietnam, was due to arrive in Port Nelson next week.

The company had also purchased a $8m site at the Cloudy Bay Business Park in Blenheim, with plans to eventually move processing operations there to support the company’s growth, while maintaining the factory in Nelson to produce smoked fish and ready to eat products.

A quayside feed storage warehouse was also under construction in partnership with Port Marlborough, enabling feed to arrive directly into Picton, eliminating the need for it to be trucked over the hill from Nelson.

Lovell said “public enemy number one” was the lack of room for aquaculture to grow.

“In a sea of opportunity, in what feels like oceans of space, finding a home is actually quite hard. We obviously have Blue Endeavour now, but this alone will not grow the industry to the levels required.”

He said long term regulatory improvements were required to ensure growth and expansion in the industry.

“Although we are incredibly grateful for the marine extension bill, all freshwater farmers did not get that same benefit for freshwater salmon farms, all those consents will still expire in the coming years and we need to create the business confidence and certainty for investment.”

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– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Two arrested after New Plymouth’s Centre City Shopping Centre broken into

Source: Radio New Zealand

The Centre City Shopping Centre in New Plymouth. Robin Martin / RNZ

Two men have been arrested and charged following multiple burglaries at an inner-city mall in New Plymouth overnight.

Police were called to the Centre City Shopping Centre on Gill Street at around 1.30am.

One man was taken into custody after running from police inside the mall.

A second man was located nearby and arrested shortly after.

Police found multiple stores within the mall showing signs of forced entry.

A 20-year-old man was due to appear in New Plymouth District Court on Monday, charged with committing burglary with a weapon and assaulting police.

A 19-year-old man was also due to appear, charged with committing burglary with a weapon.

The Centre City Shopping Centre in New Plymouth. Robin Martin / RNZ

The mall was expected to remain closed on Monday.

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Nectar at highest concentrations on native trees along NZ’s dry east coast – study

Source: Radio New Zealand

RNZ / Sharon Lundy

A new study has found higher concentrations of nectar from native New Zealand plant species in the drier eastern parts of the motu.

Flowers produced high-sugar nectar which fed birds and insects, and was also collected and processed to make honey.

Over two years, researchers measured nectar from more than 4200 flowers off eight native trees in a number of regions nationwide.

The “Nectar traits of New Zealand trees vary across climatic zones” study was published in Frontiers in Plant Science last month.

The plant species studied included karo (Pittosporum crassifolium), kōhūhū (Pittosporum tenuifolium), tarata (Pittosporum eugenioides), kōtukutuku (Fuchsia excorticata), pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and kōwhai (Sophora microphylla) and tī kōuka (cabbage tree).

The regions were Auckland, Taranaki, Hawke’s Bay and Wellington in the North Island and Nelson/Tasman, Marlborough, Canterbury and Dunedin in the South.

Researchers found trees like kōwhai and pōhutakawa produced the highest concentrations of nectar in drier areas, while sunnier sites generally had lower nectar volumes though larger flowers.

Image by Avenue, Creative Commons

Results from mānuka flowers showed substantial regional variation in nectar traits, driven by climate.

University of Waikato researcher Dr Johanna van Delden said the study could benefit conservationists and beekeepers, the latter to help them decide the most optimal locations and nearby trees for their beehives.

“The trees which produced the most sugar of all the species were either found in Dunedin, Canterbury or Hawke’s Bay, which are all on our East Coast,” she said.

“And the nectar volume, so how much nectar each flower produced, was also in 50 percent of the species coming from Dunedin or Hawke’s Bay. So I think that was the clearest and easiest result we could take out of our measurements.”

She said researchers were surprised by how the plants differed across climates.

“We found that every plant is really different. So we could see that some plant traits like nectar or the flower size was climate-linked, but it really varied from species to species between 20 and 80 percent, which is a massive variation.

“It was mostly associated with sunshine hours and rain amounts to really simplify the results.”

Van Delden said farmers could look at the species which performed well in their region to encourage greater biodiversity around farms.

“When they are flowering, attracting butterflies and birds, that could enhance your backyard biodiversity and could be used also on pastures for shelter.”

She said further research should explore how the native plants adapted to local climates across the country.

“If we go one step further, so the next researcher after me, could have a look if it’s actually not the location itself having the influence on the plant, but actually that it’s genetically driven.

“So that the plants over time have evolved in that way, that they are adapted to that local climate and therefore show those adaptations in regards to producing more sugar, for example, in the South Island and East Coast.”

Part of the research was funded by the government’s Endeavour research programme by the Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment entitled, ‘Building Resilience and Provenance into an Authentic Māori Honey Industry’.

It was a joint project with the University of Waikato, Manaaki Whenua/Landcare Research and the Auckland University of Technology.

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Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints subsidiary buys kiwifruit orchard in Bay of Plenty

Source: Radio New Zealand

The Three Roads kiwifruit orchard in Edgecumbe near Whakatāne.

The Three Roads kiwifruit orchard in Edgecumbe near Whakatāne. SUPPLIED/Craigmore Sustainables

The investment arm of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has purchased a new kiwifruit orchard in Bay of Plenty.

The investment was set to fund the work of its owner, the United States-based church known commonly as the Mormon Church.

Utah-based agricultural investor, Farmland Reserve acquired the Three Roads property near Edgecumbe, with local firm Craigmore Sustainables set to manage it.

The deal went through the Overseas Investment Office in August, resulting from a multi-year relationship between the two firms.

Profits from the export-focussed kiwifruit business will be shared between Craigmore and Farmland Reserve.

Farmland Reserve’s first NZ investment

Farmland Reserve was a commercial, for-profit entity where its profits help fund the church’s religious, humanitarian and charitable work.

Employing thousands globally, it invested in farms and orchards in 29 of 50 US states and 10 countries across the Americas, Europe and most recently Australasia.

Farmland it owned in Australia grew crops like pistachio nuts, potatoes, onions, wheat and soya bean.

President and chief executive, Doug Rose said kiwifruit consumption continued to rise globally, and New Zealand had ideal growing conditions for them.

“What an absolutely wonderful crop we have admired from a distance for some time,” he said.

“And I don’t know that there is a more beautiful country on the Earth than New Zealand with a more beautiful people and culture.”

Doug Rose, the President and chief executive of Farmland Reserve, an agricultural investment subsidiary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints based in Utah, USA.

Doug Rose. SUPPLIED/Farmland Reserve/Cristy Powell

Rose said it was Farmland Reserve’s first investment in New Zealand.

However, the church held hundreds of millions of dollars in assets like property across the country.

He said it was grateful to fill the need for capital in New Zealand, as a “passive and patient” long-term investor, with Craigmore taking the operational lead.

“I think this need that Craigmore brought to us is showing that there is a capital need in New Zealand to support this very growing industry, because it’s very, very expensive to develop even one hectare of kiwifruit is costly and so most entities can’t do it.

“So we were excited to be able to come in and to fill that need, particularly given I believe some of the destruction that occurred after that Cyclone [Gabrielle] and several years ago, and that really created kind of a capital gap.”

He said Farmland Reserve was not planning to set up as a charity in New Zealand.

Craigmore will manage the new orchard

Around half of the “partially-developed” 45-hectare property was planted in SunGold, and orchard manager Craigmore Sustainables planned to plant a further 17 hectares in the variety.

Chief executive, Che Charteris said it was essential to use offshore investment with partners that shared the same values, in face of limited domestic capital.

“So it will be in the end about 37.5 to 38 hectares of SunGold kiwifruit orchard under canopy with good frost protection, good irrigation and hopefully some very good crops for the year to come.”

Charteris said kiwifruit orchard development was expenditure-heavy and could cost anywhere between $200,000 – $800,000 a hectare.

He said Farmland Reserve understood the long term nature of the asset and the social community aspects that come with land ownership.

“Farmland Reserve are long term in their thinking, so it’s good to have that patient capital, that is willing to to rely on New Zealand expertise.

“It’s a really good example of how New Zealand can utilise the right kind of offshore capital in a way that values local expertise and local influence and control without, limiting ourselves just to domestic capital.”

Charteris said it could be hard to find money to re-invest in farms locally, and relying only on domestic capital would see growth opportunities missed.

“New Zealand unfortunately just has a really small pool of domestic capital.

“As you can see with the latest GDP figures in New Zealand, we’re not really going anywhere at the moment. But the rural sector is humming.

“The scale of the opportunity for rural New Zealand is so great that we need to find ways of working with the right kind of offshore capital to nail these sorts of opportunities.”

Charteris said Craigmore was set up to attract “better equity capital” into the country to harness opportunities, create jobs locally and boost regional economies.

Craigmore managed more than 38,000 hectares of farmland in horticulture, dairy farms and forestry across Aotearoa.

The Church’s NZ footprint

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Trust Board was a registered charity to provide religious services across dozens of sites scattered throughout New Zealand.

Charity register documents showed the Church made a surplus of $23.3 million in the year to 31 December last year, and owned $517.4m in property, plants and equipment and $10m in investment property.

StatsNZ census data showed more than 54,000 people identified as members of the church in 2023.

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Barker’s is expanding its South Canterbury fruit factory, following discharge consenting issues

Source: Radio New Zealand

Barkers of Geraldine

The view back to the factory from the ponds. Cosmo Kentish-Barnes

Iconic South Canterbury fruit company Barker Fruit Processors’ $60 million factory expansion will come to fruition later this year, in efforts to “future-proof” the growing business.

The company owned by the Andros Group in France was expanding its Pleasant Valley factory near Geraldine, adding new warehouses and another production line for products like its chutneys, jams, and sauces.

With the new build nearing completion, production was expected to begin there shortly before Christmas.

Operations manager, Bill Pridham said the expansion would help double production there over the next few decades.

“The main point for us is around ensuring that Barker’s is set up and ready for the future in South Canterbury, and to provide security to our current staff,” he said.

“There’ll be a few new job opportunities as well, which is great.”

Pridham said the factory produced hundreds of different products each year mostly for the domestic market, but exports largely to Australia made up about 20 percent of the business.

It employed up to 280 staff during the summer peak across the factory and sales and marketing from Auckland.

Consenting issues in Geraldine

The company held various active resource consents for discharging contaminants onto land and to air, but the Canterbury Regional Council recently investigated the company for wastewater discharge breaches.

The Department of Conservation (DoC) raised environmental concerns about the factory’s discharge onto a nearby conservation reserve near the Hae Hae Te Moana River.

Barker's of Geraldine farm (L) and The Barker Family with the original product, Elderberry Wine.

Barker’s of Geraldine farm (L) and The Barker Family with the original product, Elderberry Wine. SUPPLIED: The Barker Family

The company spent $1.4 million on a 14-hectare site next door to the factory, according to the Overseas Investment Office.

Pridham said this purchase was about future-proofing its irrigation and wastewater systems.

“Historically, we’ve irrigated onto a block south of the factory, DoC land where historically it was something that had low conservational value that has recently changed, so we’ve looked for an alternative there. So that’s why we’ve looking at this other bit of land,” Pridham said.

He said it was planning to micro-irrigate to match the soil’s ability to absorb and treat the water, a system which would “help future-proof the business as we grow.”

“We’re looking at changing our irrigation system there, allowing us to irrigate all-year round, where historically we’d irrigate only in the drier months.

“We are working through that consent for the wastewater discharge with ECan, and providing them the information they need to give them assurance of our process and how we’re planning to approach it.”

Environment Canterbury’s consents planning manager, Henry Winchester said a new consent application for discharge was on “hold”, while more information was sought from the applicant.

“The new application from Barkers is to discharge factory wastewater to a new area of land which is partly forestry and partly pasture,” Winchester said.

“Barkers isn’t proposing to increase the amount of wastewater generated and we’re following the consent process in the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) to ensure that effects are appropriately managed.

“We continue to work with Barkers to ensure that the regulatory process is being followed.”

Winchester said its audit continued.

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Country Life: Ironbark – a wood as hard as steel

Source: Radio New Zealand

Steve Evans is a man who just loves old wood and just can’t bear the thought of seeing it end up in landfill or being chucked on a fire.

Much of the stock he sells at Ironbark Re-engineered in North Canterbury came from the Lyttelton wharves which were removed after being damaged in the Christchurch earthquakes. 

He’s not buying any more though, as he says he has enough to last a lifetime -  or two.

“I need another lifetime to get through everything that I’ve got here. And I think that worries my son who’s thinks he’s gonna have to move in here and deal to it.”

The entryway to Re-Engineered Ironbark, showing four large upright wooden poles capped with steel with a large wooden sign. In the foreground, a gateway made of riverstones

The entryway to Ironbark Re-engineered in North Canterbury, made of steel-capped piles which once held up the wharves at Lyttelton. They were removed after the Canterbury quakes.  RNZ/Mark Leishman

Evans has had quite an adventurous life – baking pies, professional hunter and fisherman, jumping out of helicopters for deer recovery, running a helicopter business, working in forestry and firewood, which led to discovering ironbark.

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So what is ironbark? 

“It’s actually an Australian hardwood,” Evans explained. “Most people don’t really know what it is, but it’s one of the Eucalyptus species. Most people know what jarrah is and ironbark is like it but actually a lot harder than what Jarrah is.”

A close-up of recycled ironbark timber piles and beams lying in a pile, some still showing the steel and nails used in the building process

Ironbark is an exceptionally strong Australian hardwood, making it suitable for high traffic areas and structures like bridges and wharves RNZ/Mark Leishman

Ironbark is exceptionally strong, making it suitable for high traffic areas and structures like bridges and wharves.  It ranges from reddish-brown to dark brown and is highly resistant to moisture, insects and decay. The thick bark also protects the trees from fire.

Ironbark is still being imported from Australia and being used for wharves and cladding, flooring, decking, internal beams and rafters.

However, it doesn’t have the aged look of Evans’ wood, which ends up as internal beams and rafters in new holiday homes and is a particular rustic look that suits wineries and more high end stuff. 

So when the tourists arrive, the buildings look like they’ve been there for 100 years even though they may have been there for two.

Rough-coated tan and white Jack Russell looking at camera

The ironbark timberyard is on part of a former railway line and is guarded by rough-coated Jack Russell, Sue. RNZ/Mark Leishman

The Oxford property is on part of a former railway line and is guarded by Evans’ little rough coated Jack Russell, Sue.

“It’s two and a half acres and very long and narrow. It’s part of the old railway corridor and the trains used to come through  Oxford to the sawmills in the foothills. There was a station up the end of this property.”

Evans mills his wood with a New Zealand classic circular saw. The Mahoe super mill is a friction mill which runs up and down on a big beam and is controlled by a friction lever. These mills are renowned for their safety and accuracy.

“The Mahoe saw is built in the North Island – a couple of brothers, the Bergmans, have been building them for years. It’s a marvellous piece of gear and Mahoe is where they’re built.” 

Evans said ironbark was a commodity that’s becoming scarcer by the day, as wharves all over New Zealand and rail bridges get pulled down.

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Country Life: Harnessing the power of kiwi in horticulture

Source: Radio New Zealand

Fancy a drop of “kiwi-friendly” wine or a bite of a “kiwi-friendly” kiwifruit?

Branding fruit as “kiwi-friendly” could be a future marketing tool for producers after a study showed the North Island brown kiwi foraging for bugs in Northland vineyards and orchards, scientists say.

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The study is a collaboration between Massey University and the Bioeconomy Science Institute (BSI).

The brown kiwi increasingly observed in orchards and vineyards and New Zealand’s goal of a predator free environment by 2050 prompted the research, according to BSI scientist Karen Mason.

“With Predator Free 2050, more of our taonga species will be moving into horticultural settings, so we wanted to look at, is that happening? And if it is happening, what are they doing? And are they providing any ecosystem services that will benefit the growers?”

Isabel Castro (L) and Karen Mason standing side by side in a lab at Massey University. Isobel holds a stuffed kiwi.

Isabel Castro and Karen Mason RNZ/Sally Round

Masters student Wei (Xosha) Gong spent a year conducting field work on four sites in Northland, using camera and acoustic recorders, insect traps and faecal analysis to build a picture of kiwi behaviour, diet and predator presence.

From some 14,000 videos and 1000 audio recordings, and analysis of the bird’s poo, the team were able to gain new insights into the kiwi’s behaviour and diet in horticultural landscapes.

“We did get footage of them actually eating in the orchards, both probing into the ground and taking insects from just above the ground in the ground cover,” Mason told Country Life.

Wei Gong on a track wearing a back pack and carrying a camera

Wei (Xosha) Gong, Masters student involved in the kiwi study Supplied/Massey University & Biosecurity Science Institute

Further research has shown the kiwi, with its long probing beak, were eating a variety of invertebrates including horticultural pests.

“They are consuming some very interesting ones, and where I think they can be really beneficial.

“We found that they were consuming a variety of different cicadas, the whitefringed weevil and grass grub, and all of those species spend time underground.”

Apart from marketing their fruit as “kiwi-friendly”, growers might also be able to reduce pesticide use if more kiwi were encouraged into orchards, Mason said.

“If an insect is subterranean … it’s quite difficult to control because they’re difficult to monitor, they’re difficult to locate.

“If you put sprays and chemicals down, the soil can bind some of those chemicals so it doesn’t reach the insects and a couple of these insects also have a hard casing on them, so again, that makes it harder for the chemicals to reach them.

“Also, you don’t want to broadcast a whole tonne of spray onto your soil and kill all your beneficial insects, like your worms. So I think that’s where kiwi could be very interesting and very beneficial, because they are eating these when they are subterranean, when they’re underground.”

A camouflaged camera strapped to a post in a kiwifruit orchard. Vines in the background.

One of the “camera traps” used to record kiwi activity in a Northland orchard Supplied/Massey University & Biosecurity Science Institute

She said one pastoral farmer no longer needed to spray or to put granules down for his grass grub now that he has a high density of kiwi nearby.

Farmers and growers could encourage more kiwi onto their land by enhancing the orchard habitat and better predator control, according to Massey’s Professor in wildlife biology Isabel Castro.

She said the brown kiwi, now numbering around 26,000, lived in a variety of settings.

“They can go into grassy areas, they absolutely love swamps, they also, of course, go into forests, but not only mature forests, but also they use scrub, and they use even very, very low vegetation, so they have no problems going into orchard areas.

“In saying that, most of the kiwi that we have observed, especially in vineyards, are close to small areas, at least, of vegetation. So if, for example, farmers will have a vineyard area and then that area is surrounded by a hedge of other vegetation, the kiwi will love that better than having a completely open area.”

Containers of bugs and kiwi poo

A collection of bugs and kiwi faeces analysed in the study RNZ/Sally Round

Mason and Castro are excited about the prospect of farmers harnessing the habits of other birds like pīwakawaka which could eat insects in the canopy or tui whose feisty nature might scare off kākā from feasting on the orchard’s fruit.

But more research is needed.

“More different sorts of birds are going to start coming into our horticultural systems. We need to understand, how do we make them attractive? How do we keep the birds safe, and how do we keep the birds out?” Mason said.

– Video reproduced with permission

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– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Country Life: Tirau dairy farm’s tech adoption

Source: Radio New Zealand

Brett Coubrough and his daughter Linda checking on their cows. Gianina Schwanecke / Country Life

The Coubroughs know their decisions today will determine the years to come.

Brett, whose grandparents originally bought the 76-hectare dairy farm near Tirau in 1907, runs the property with his two children Tim and Linda.

Succession has been relatively straightforward for the family.

“We’re all on the same page – we want robotics to milk the cows for us,” Linda told Country Life. “And that’s always been the plan.”

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Linda said it was an “honour” coming back to the multi-generational farm, despite not initially planning to come back as a farmer, and she hopes they’re leaving it in a better way for the next generation.

“Everything you do for the land is such a longterm goal,” she said.

“Our input now is changing what’s going to happen down the line which is a whole different way of thinking. And all our different backgrounds help bring up different things and what we want from that.”

Dairy farming’s never been easier, with automation a key part of life on this Waikato farm. Gianina Schwanecke / Country Life

Dad Brett always planned on being a farmer but “got sidetracked” with electrical engineering, a qualification which saw him travel all around the world for various projects. It’s come in handy back on the farm too where he is chief innovator and inventor.

He said it was nice to be farming.

“It’s a different style of life.Whereas I had to deal with customers or clients and now my clients are the cows and they’re much easier to deal with.”

The herd of 150 milking Kiwi cross wear cow collars which provide valuable insights. Gianina Schwanecke / Country Life

Like Linda, it’s also taught him the value of taking a longer view.

“We come to the conclusion that you’re actually planning for over a year ahead all the time. It’s something I’ve never really thought about.

“You’re setting yourself up for the season ahead by what you’re doing now.”

One of the ways the family has tried to prepare for their future is investing in wearable technology and automation on-farm.

“Dad’s an extraordinaire in creating things and adjusting things and automating as much as we can,” Linda said.

“Our shed, it’s push a button and it does everything.”

Brett’s experience off-farm has been instrumental for today’s operations and helping automate many of the jobs on-farm. Gianina Schwanecke / Country Life

Automation in the cowshed includes automated drafting gates, cup removers, systems cleaning, and calf feeders.

“It’s set up now for a one person operation – we still milk with two people – but it can be done,” Brett said.

Eight years ago they also invested in AllFlex’s cow collars to help with heat cycling

“We’re quite unique in that we’re one of the few smaller herds that has cow collars on.”

The data they get from the cow collars has helped improve animal welfare and each year the technology gets better.

Some things the father and daughter still prefer to do the old-school way, like shifting stock themselves on foot or in the side-by-side.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand